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ospf 區(qū)域分類詳細

發(fā)布時間:2022-07-26 文章來源:xp下載站 瀏覽:

網(wǎng)絡技術是從1990年代中期發(fā)展起來的新技術,它把互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上分散的資源融為有機整體,實現(xiàn)資源的全面共享和有機協(xié)作,使人們能夠透明地使用資源的整體能力并按需獲取信息。資源包括高性能計算機、存儲資源、數(shù)據(jù)資源、信息資源、知識資源、專家資源、大型數(shù)據(jù)庫、網(wǎng)絡、傳感器等。 當前的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)只限于信息共享,網(wǎng)絡則被認為是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的第三階段。

  我們知道ospf中有幾種區(qū)域類型:stub ,totally stub ,nssa ,totally nssa.

  下面分別講一下各種區(qū)域類型對路由的改變,實驗圖如下:

ospf 區(qū)域類型詳細 三聯(lián)

  按如圖配置好相關接口和參數(shù),配置好后,查看R6路由如下:

  O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

  1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

  2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

  O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

  3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O 3.3.3.3 [110/11] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

  O IA 192.168.25.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

  4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

  5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 5.5.5.5 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

  6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C 6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback0

  172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

  O E2 172.16.0.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

  O E2 172.16.1.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

  O E2 172.16.2.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

  O E2 172.16.3.0 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

  C 192.168.36.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

  O E2 192.168.0.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

  O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

  O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

  O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0

  配置R3及R6 area 3 為stub區(qū)域:

  配置命令為:

  R3(config-router)#area 3 stub

  R6(config-router)#area 3 stub

  修改完成后,R6路由如下:

  O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

  1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

  2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/21] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

  O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

  3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O 3.3.3.3 [110/11] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:04, FastEthernet0/0

  O IA 192.168.25.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

  4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

  5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 5.5.5.5 [110/31] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:05, FastEthernet0/0

  6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C 6.6.6.6 is directly connected, Loopback0

  C 192.168.36.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

  O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/11] via 192.168.36.3, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0

  由此可知stub區(qū)域不接收任何外部路由,用一條默認路由替代所有外部路由。

  先在R4上查看路由表:

  O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0

  1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/11] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0

  2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/21] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0

  C 192.168.14.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

  3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0

  O IA 192.168.25.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

  4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0

  5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 5.5.5.5 [110/31] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

  6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

  172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

  O E2 172.16.0.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

  O E2 172.16.1.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

  O E2 172.16.2.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

  O E2 172.16.3.0 [110/20] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

  O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:52, FastEthernet0/0

  C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

  在R4和R1上運行以下命令:

  R2(config-router)#area 2 nssa no-summary

  R4(config-router)#area 2 nssa no-summary

  再次查看路由表:

  C 192.168.14.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

  4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0

  C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1

  O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/11] via 192.168.14.1, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/0

  由此可知nssa totally 區(qū)域去掉所區(qū)域間和外部路由

  先來查看一下R5路由表:

  O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0

  1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0

  2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0

  O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0

  3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:35:59, FastEthernet0/0

  C 192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

  4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:07, FastEthernet0/0

  5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0

  6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:12:47, FastEthernet0/0

  172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

  C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

  O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:12:47, FastEthernet0/0

  O E2 192.168.0.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0

  O E2 192.168.1.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0

  O E2 192.168.2.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0

  O E2 192.168.3.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:02:02, FastEthernet0/0

  在R2和R5上運行如下命令:

  R2(config-router)#area 1 nssa

  R5(config-router)#area 1 nssa

  O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

  1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

  2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

  O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

  3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet0/0

  C 192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

  4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0

  5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0

  6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0

  172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

  C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

  O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0

  這時發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有默認路由,需運行以下命令:

  R2(config-router)#area 1 nssa default-information-originate

  這時R5路由如下:

  O IA 192.168.123.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0

  1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0

  2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/11] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0

  O IA 192.168.14.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0

  3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 3.3.3.3 [110/21] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:57, FastEthernet0/0

  C 192.168.25.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

  4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 4.4.4.4 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:59, FastEthernet0/0

  5.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  C 5.5.5.5 is directly connected, Loopback0

  6.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

  O IA 6.6.6.6 [110/31] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:59, FastEthernet0/0

  172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets

  C 172.16.0.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

  C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

  O IA 192.168.36.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.25.2, 00:01:59, FastEthernet0/0

  O*N2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.25.2, 00:00:06, FastEthernet0/0


網(wǎng)絡的神奇作用吸引著越來越多的用戶加入其中,正因如此,網(wǎng)絡的承受能力也面臨著越來越嚴峻的考驗―從硬件上、軟件上、所用標準上......,各項技術都需要適時應勢,對應發(fā)展,這正是網(wǎng)絡迅速走向進步的催化劑。

本文章關鍵詞: ospf 區(qū)域 類型 詳細 
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